Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease.
Kidney transplantation can be from a living donor to a recipient, or it can also be from a dead donor to a recipient.
COMPATIBILITY
In general, the donor and recipient should be blood group and crossmatch compatible. If a living donor is incompatible with their recipient, the donor could be exchanged for a compatible kidney. Kidney exchange, has recently gained popularity over the past few years.
SOURCES OF KIDNEYS
Since medication to prevent rejection is so effective, donors do not need to be similar to their recipient. Most donated kidneys come from dead donors; however, the utilisation of living donors is on the rise in some countries, such as in the United States.
PROCEDURE
The kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney, often in the iliac fossa, so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply:
POST OPERATION
The transplant surgery takes about three hours. The donor kidney will be placed in the lower abdomen and its blood connected to arteries and veins in the recipient's body. When this is complete, blood will be allowed to flow through the kidney again. The final step is connecting the ureter from the donor kidney to the bladder. In most cases, the kidney will soon start producing urine.
Depending on its quality, the new kidney usually begins functioning immediately. Living donor kidneys normally require 3–5 days to reach normal functioning levels, while cadaveric donations stretch that interval to 7–15 days.
POSTOPERATIVE DIET
Kidney transplant recipients are prohibited from consuming grapefruit, pomegranate and green tea products. These food products are known to interact with the transplant medications.
COMPLICATIONS
Problems after a transplant may include: Post operative complication, bleeding, infection, hypertension, vascular thrombosis and urinary complications.
Other side effects of medications including gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration of the stomach and esophagus, hair loss , obesity, acne, diabetes type 2, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis.
Kidney transplantation can be from a living donor to a recipient, or it can also be from a dead donor to a recipient.
COMPATIBILITY
In general, the donor and recipient should be blood group and crossmatch compatible. If a living donor is incompatible with their recipient, the donor could be exchanged for a compatible kidney. Kidney exchange, has recently gained popularity over the past few years.
SOURCES OF KIDNEYS
Since medication to prevent rejection is so effective, donors do not need to be similar to their recipient. Most donated kidneys come from dead donors; however, the utilisation of living donors is on the rise in some countries, such as in the United States.
PROCEDURE
The kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney, often in the iliac fossa, so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply:
- The renal artery of the new kidney, is often connected to the external iliac artery in the recipient.
- The renal vein of the new kidney, is often connected to the external iliac vein in the recipient.
POST OPERATION
The transplant surgery takes about three hours. The donor kidney will be placed in the lower abdomen and its blood connected to arteries and veins in the recipient's body. When this is complete, blood will be allowed to flow through the kidney again. The final step is connecting the ureter from the donor kidney to the bladder. In most cases, the kidney will soon start producing urine.
Depending on its quality, the new kidney usually begins functioning immediately. Living donor kidneys normally require 3–5 days to reach normal functioning levels, while cadaveric donations stretch that interval to 7–15 days.
POSTOPERATIVE DIET
Kidney transplant recipients are prohibited from consuming grapefruit, pomegranate and green tea products. These food products are known to interact with the transplant medications.
COMPLICATIONS
Problems after a transplant may include: Post operative complication, bleeding, infection, hypertension, vascular thrombosis and urinary complications.
Other side effects of medications including gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration of the stomach and esophagus, hair loss , obesity, acne, diabetes type 2, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis.